Distance education, or distance learning, is a field of education that focuses on the pedagogy, technology, and instructional system designs that aim to deliver education to students who are not physically "on site" in a traditional classroom or campus. It has been described as "a process to create and provide access to learning when the source of information and the learners are separated by time and distance, or both."[1] In other words, distance learning is the process of creating an educational experience of equal quality for the learner to best suit their needs outside the classroom. Distance education courses that require a physical on-site presence for any reason (including taking examinations) is considered a hybrid or blended course of study. This emerging technology is becoming widely used in universities and institutions around the globe.[2] With the recent trend of technological advance, distance learning is becoming more recognized for its potential in providing individualized attention and communication with students internationally. The most widely cited[citation needed]pedagogical theory of distance education is that of "transactional distance".
Shanghai - Pearl of the Orient
 |
- ^ Honeyman and Miller (1993). "Agriculture distance education: A valid alternative for higher education? Proceedings of the National Agricultural Education Research Meeting67-73
- ^ Distance learning on the rise, Brian Towie, Metro Canada, November 25, 2008.
- ^ Holmberg, B. (2005). The evolution, principles and practices of distance education. Bibliotheks-und Informationssystem der Universitat Oldenburg. p. 13.
- ^ Moore, Michael G.; Greg Kearsley (2005). Distance Education: A Systems View (Second ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth. ISBN 0-534-50688-7.
- ^ "Key Facts", University of London External Programme Website, http://www.londonexternal.ac.uk/about_us/facts.shtml
- ^ White, M. (1982). 'Distance education in Australian higher education — a history', Distance Education, Vol. 3, Issue 2, pp. 255-278.
- ^ Daniel, J.S. (1996). Mega-Universities and Knowledge Media: Technology Strategies for Higher Education, Kogan Page, London. isbn 0-7494-2119-3.
- ^ Watkins, B. L (1991). The foundations of American distance learning: A century of collegiate correspondence study”, p.1-37. Dubuque, IO: Kendall/Hunt Publishing.
- ^ Moore, Michael G.; Greg Kearsley (2005). Distance Education: A Systems View (Second ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth. ISBN 0-534-50688-7. , pages 33-36
- ^ Hebert, D. G. (2007). “Five Challenges and Solutions in Online Music Teacher Education,” Research and Issues in Music Education, Vol. 5
- ^ Gold, L & Maitland, C (1999). What's the difference? A review of contemporary research on the effectiveness of distance learning in higher education. Washington, DC: NEA.
- ^ Merriam, s., Caffarella, R., & Baumgartner, L. (2007). Learning in Adulthood, New York: Wiley.
- ^ Making the Grade: Online Education in the United States, 2006, The Sloan Consortium, http://www.sloan-c.org/publications/survey/survey06.asp
- ^ http://www.newswire.ca/en/releases/archive/March2007/06/c7425.html CNW Newsgroup: Improving Access To Higher Education For Rural Students In Southern Ontario
- ^ http://www.edu.gov.mb.ca/k12/dl/index.html
- ^ Lever-Duffy, Judy and Jean B. McDonald. Teaching and Learning with Technology. Pearson Education, Inc., 2008, 2005, 2003.
- ^ RDI, UK university courses now offered on Mobile Devices, Retrieved January 5, 2009
- ^ GHP, MBA Trends: Integrated Distance Learning, Retrieved August 6, 2008
- ^ Taylor, J.C. 2003, 'The Fifth Generation of Distance Education', Translation in the Chinese Journal of Open Education Research, 3, 25 - 27, June
- ^ [1]
- ^ iTunes U, Retrieved February 9, 2007
- ^ Defense Activity For Non-Traditional Education Support, DANTES Retrieved February 27, 2007
- ^ The Nature and Purpose of Distance Education, Retrieved June 3, 2009
- ^ What do you do in a course? The Open University. Accessed on 2008-02-18
- ^ http://www.collegeboard.com/student/index.html?student
- ^ http://getcollegecredit.com/
|
